Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S139262

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of carcinogenicity for Cr(III) and Cr(VI)

Article Snippet: In vitro studies , • Few chemoprevention studies conducted • Antioxidants with chemopreventive effects against Cr(III) cyto/genotoxicity: ○ Tempol in human lymphocytes: inhibits cyto/genotoxicity ○ Zinc in PBL: inhibits apoptosis, reduces ROS production, reverses changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, activation of caspase 3 , • Antioxidants with chemopreventive effects against Cr(VI) cyto/genotoxicity: ○ Apple juice in A549: scavenges hydroxyl radicals, reduces lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, cell apoptosis, NFκB activation ○ Quercetin in BEAS2B: decreases ROS generation, inhibits cell transformation, increases miR21 expression, and inhibits of PDCD4 ○ Luteolin in BEAS2B: scavenges ROS ○ EDE in AMJ2-C11: protects against cytotoxicity and oxidative stress ○ Tempol in human lymphocytes: inhibits cyto- and genotoxicity ○ NAC in L02 hepatocytes, H460, HaCaT: inhibits suppression of apoptosis, p53 activation, HSP72 and HIF1α upregulation, prevents ROS-mediated cell death and cytokine expression, decreases rate of cell apoptosis, alleviates mitochondrial and DNA damage – ○ Vitamin C: inhibits increase in DPCs, complete protection against cytotoxicity ○ Lawsonia inermis extract in MDA-MB-435S: scavenges free radicals, inhibits lipid peroxidation ○ Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract in MDA-MB-435S: inhibits Cr(VI)-induced oxidative toxicity ○ EGCG in BEAS2B: scavenges ROS, protects against DNA damage, inhibits activation of NFκB 7 ○ Melatonin in rat hepatocytes: protects against DSBs, cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation ○ MCE in BEAS2B, PBL: increases cell viability, decreases DNA damage and ROS level .

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Activity Assay

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S139262

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of chemoprevention for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) carcinogenicity

Article Snippet: In vitro studies , • Few chemoprevention studies conducted • Antioxidants with chemopreventive effects against Cr(III) cyto/genotoxicity: ○ Tempol in human lymphocytes: inhibits cyto/genotoxicity ○ Zinc in PBL: inhibits apoptosis, reduces ROS production, reverses changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, activation of caspase 3 , • Antioxidants with chemopreventive effects against Cr(VI) cyto/genotoxicity: ○ Apple juice in A549: scavenges hydroxyl radicals, reduces lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, cell apoptosis, NFκB activation ○ Quercetin in BEAS2B: decreases ROS generation, inhibits cell transformation, increases miR21 expression, and inhibits of PDCD4 ○ Luteolin in BEAS2B: scavenges ROS ○ EDE in AMJ2-C11: protects against cytotoxicity and oxidative stress ○ Tempol in human lymphocytes: inhibits cyto- and genotoxicity ○ NAC in L02 hepatocytes, H460, HaCaT: inhibits suppression of apoptosis, p53 activation, HSP72 and HIF1α upregulation, prevents ROS-mediated cell death and cytokine expression, decreases rate of cell apoptosis, alleviates mitochondrial and DNA damage – ○ Vitamin C: inhibits increase in DPCs, complete protection against cytotoxicity ○ Lawsonia inermis extract in MDA-MB-435S: scavenges free radicals, inhibits lipid peroxidation ○ Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract in MDA-MB-435S: inhibits Cr(VI)-induced oxidative toxicity ○ EGCG in BEAS2B: scavenges ROS, protects against DNA damage, inhibits activation of NFκB 7 ○ Melatonin in rat hepatocytes: protects against DSBs, cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation ○ MCE in BEAS2B, PBL: increases cell viability, decreases DNA damage and ROS level .

Techniques: In Vivo, In Vitro